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1 online resource (0 pages) |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdamedia |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Series |
Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice Ser |
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Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice Ser
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| Note |
Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Notation -- Part 1: Basic Concepts -- Chapter 1: Introduction and History -- 1.1 Introduction to Second Edition -- Objectives -- Chapter Content -- 1.2 Development of ET and CU Studies in the United States -- Consumptive Use and Evapotranspiration -- Historical Background (United States) -- Evolution of ET Estimating Methods -- 1.3 Revised Edition -- Chapter 2: Evaporation and Evapotranspiration Processes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Water Budget -- 2.3 The Energy Budget -- 2.4 Controlling Factors -- Weather -- Vegetation -- Soil Factors -- Water Bodies -- Management Factors -- 2.5 Estimating Concepts -- Evaporation from Water Surfaces -- Evaporation from Soils -- Reference Evapotranspiration -- Crop Factors (Coefficients) -- 2.6 Measurement Methods -- Change in Soil Water -- Lysimetry -- Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) -- Eddy Covariance -- Water Balance -- Remote Sensing Energy Balance -- Chapter 3: Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Physical Properties of Water, Water Vapor, and Air -- Liquid Water -- Water Vapor -- Air -- Standard Atmosphere (Lower Atmosphere) -- 3.3 Soil Properties -- 3.4 Soil-Water System -- Energy State of Soil Water -- Soil-Water Characteristic Curve -- Flow of Water in Soils -- General Soil Water Properties -- Soil-Plant Interactions -- 3.5 Vegetative (Crop) Properties -- Foliage Factors -- Root Factors -- Chapter 4: Energy Balance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Energy Balance -- 4.3 Net Radiation -- Solar Radiation -- Solar Radiation Estimation -- Long-Wave Radiation -- Net Radiation Measurement and Estimation -- 4.4 Soil Heat Flux Density -- Soil Heat Flux Density Measurement -- Soil Heat Flux Density Estimation -- Chapter 5: Surface-Energy and Air-Mass Interactions and the Concept of Reference ET -- 5.1 Introduction |
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5.2 Weather and Surface Effects on Conversion of Energy to Latent Heat Flux -- 5.3 Standardization of the Vegetative Cover -- Potential Evaporation -- Reference Evapotranspiration -- Summary -- Chapter 6: Evaporation from Water Surfaces -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methods of Estimating Water Surface Evaporation -- Pan Evaporation -- Water Budget Procedure -- Aerodynamic Method (Mass Transfer) -- Energy Balance Method -- Combination Methods -- Simulation Studies -- 6.3 Example Applications of Evaporation Estimation Methods and Measurements -- Evaporation from a Shallow Lake -- Evaporation from Deep Lakes -- Evaporation from a River-Reservoir System -- Evaporation from Reservoirs -- 6.4 Summary of Methods for Estimating Evaporation from Water Bodies -- Small Water Bodies -- Large Water Bodies -- Part 2: Evapotranspiration from Land Surfaces -- Chapter 7: Water and Energy Balance Components for Measurement and Estimation -- 7.1 Introduction to Chapters 7-12 -- 7.2 Volumetric Measurements for Estimating Land Surface ET -- Soil Water Balance -- 7.3 Mass Balance Methods -- Tanks and Lysimeters -- Typical Problems -- 7.4 Energy Balance Methods-Bowen Ratio -- Typical Problems with Bowen Ratio Systems -- Example Applications for Bowen Ratio Systems -- 7.5 Mass Transfer Method Using Eddy Covariance -- 7.6 Fetch Requirements for Boundary Layer Measurement -- Fetch Requirements for Weather Stations -- 7.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of ET Measurement Methods -- 7.8 Combined Energy Balance and Mass Transfer Methods -- Mass Transfer with Direct Use of Aerodynamic Expressions -- Sensible Heat from Temperature Differences -- Integrated Stability Functions -- Chapter 8: Reference Crop ET -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Penman-Monteith Equation -- 8.3 Aerodynamic and Surface Parameters for the PM Equation -- Effective Leaf-Area Index -- Stability Correction |
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8.4 Reference ETrefKc Approach -- Reference ET Types and Definitions -- Penman-Monteith as a Definition for Reference ET -- Reference ET Calculations -- Standardization of the PM Equation for ETref -- Preferred Time Steps for Reference ET Calculation -- 1985 Hargreaves-Samani Equation -- ETo Software Programs -- 8.5 Missing or Bad Weather Data -- Minimum Data Requirements -- Estimates of Missing Humidity Data -- Estimates of Missing Solar Radiation Data -- Missing Wind Speed Data -- Missing Maximum or Minimum Air Temperature Data -- Gridded Weather Data from Climate and Land Process Models -- 8.6 Reference ET by Analogy or Association -- Evaporimeters and Atmometers -- Pan Coefficients -- Atmometers -- Chapter 9: Evaporation from Soil -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Evaporation Process -- 9.3 Diurnal Effects and Redistribution of Soil Water -- 9.4 Stage 1 Evaporation -- 9.5 Stage 2 Evaporation -- 9.6 Evaporation Models -- Square Root of Time (SRT) Model -- Crop Coefficient-Based Evaporation Model -- The FAO-56 Evaporation Model -- 9.7 Relationships between Evaporation and Transpiration -- 9.8 Water Balance of the Evaporation Layer -- 9.9 Example Estimates of Evaporation -- Comparisons of Models with a Weighing Lysimeter -- Comparison of the FAO-56 Model with HYDRUS-1D -- 9.10 Summary -- Chapter 10: Crop Coefficient Method -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Crop Coefficient -- Crop Coefficient Variables -- Field-Scale Applications -- Small Expanses of Vegetation -- 10.3 Crop (Vegetation Cover) Coefficients -- Kc and ET Terminology -- Basal Crop Coefficients -- Water Stress Adjustment -- Mean Crop Coefficients -- 10.4 FAO Grass-Based Crop Coefficients -- Adjustment of Kc for Climate -- Estimation of Initial Kcini with the FAO Mean Kc Procedure -- Lengths of Growth Stages -- An FAO Kc Example |
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Use of the FAO Basal Crop Coefficient Procedure in Calculations -- 10.5 Alfalfa-Based Crop Coefficients -- Procedure -- An Alfalfa-Based Example -- Expression of Kc Curves and the Time Basis -- 10.6 Estimates of Kc Curves for Natural and Agricultural Vegetation -- 10.7 Landscape Coefficients -- The Vegetation Coefficient -- Density Factor -- Microclimate Factor -- Managed Stress Factor -- Actual ET from Landscapes -- Impact of Canopy Wetting and Irrigation Frequency on KL -- Comparisons against Recent Measurements of KL -- 10.8 Estimates of Kc during Wintertime and Nongrowing Seasons -- Types of Surface Conditions -- Estimated Wintertime Evaporation -- 10.9 Summary -- Chapter 11: Direct Penman-Monteith and Aerodynamic Energy Balance Equations -- 11.1 Introduction -- Advantages -- Disadvantages and Challenges -- 11.2 Common Forms of Resistance-Based Equations -- The Single-Layer Penman-Monteith Equation -- The Multilayer (Interactive) Resistance-Based Model -- The Two-Source (Patch) Resistance-Based Model -- 11.3 Challenges with Types of Resistance-Based Models -- 11.4 Parameters for the Penman-Monteith for Equivalency with More Complicated Models -- Net Radiation -- 11.5 Comparative Model Performance -- 11.6 Roughness Length and Zero Plane Displacement -- General Parameters -- Determinations from Wind Profile Measurements -- 11.7 Bulk Surface (Stomatal) Resistance -- Resistance and Leaf Area -- General Bulk Surface Resistance Values -- Example of Applying the Penman-Monteith to a Dry Surface -- 11.8 Evaporation from Soil and Surface Resistance -- 11.9 Weather Measurements for Direct Application of the Penman-Monteith and AFIB Methods and Reference ET Calculation -- Basic Measurements -- Adjustments of Noncharacteristic Weather Data -- 11.10 Example Applications of the Single-Layer Penman-Monteith -- Half-Hourly Calculations |
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Daily Calculations under Conditions of Soil Water Stress -- Other Applications of the Single-Layer Penman-Monteith Model -- Examples of Applications of Multilayer Penman-Monteith Models -- 11.11 Applications of Evapotranspiration Models Using Remote Sensing Inputs -- 11.12 Measurement and Estimation of ET on Sloping Lands -- 11.13 Evaporation of Intercepted Rainfall -- Chapter 12: Regional Estimates of Evapotranspiration -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Theory -- 12.3 Applications -- Complimentary Approach to Estimating ET -- Application of Energy Balance Models to Forests and Grasslands -- Application of Energy Balance Models to Regional Cultivated Lands -- Approximation of Monthly Streamflow for Ungauged Watersheds -- Data Sources in Cultivated Areas -- Data Sources in Natural Vegetation -- Gridded Weather Data -- Part 3: Water Requirement Estimates -- Chapter 13: Selection of Appropriate Estimating Method -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Time frame and Required Accuracy -- 13.3 Input Data Collection, Screening, and Processing -- Solar Radiation -- Humidity and Air Temperature -- Wind Speed -- 13.4 Crop Coefficient Method vs. Direct Methods -- 13.5 Evaporation and Evapotranspiration Calculations -- 13.6 Summary -- Chapter 14: Estimates of Irrigation Water Requirements and Streamflow Depletion -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Net Irrigation Water Requirement and Effective Precipitation -- 14.3 Leaching Requirement -- 14.4 Miscellaneous Water Requirements -- Germination -- Frost Protection -- Blossom Delay -- Wind Erosion Protection -- Plant Cooling -- 14.5 System Losses -- Net Irrigation Water Requirements -- Allowances for Nonuniform Distribution -- Storage and Distribution System Losses -- Expected Occurrences of ET -- Available Water and Rainfall Effects -- 14.6 PRECIPITATION RUNOFF -- 14.7 Improvements in Estimating Water Requirements |
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Impacts of Better Training |
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MOP 70 is a comprehensive reference to estimating the water quantities needed for irrigation of crops projects based upon the physics of evaporation and evapotranspiration (ET) |
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Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2020. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries |
| Link |
Print version: 70, Task Committee on Revision of Manual Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, and Irrigation Water Requirements
Reston : American Society of Civil Engineers,c2016 9780784414057
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| Subject |
Evapotranspiration--Handbooks, manuals, etc
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Electronic books
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| Alt Author |
Jensen, Marvin E
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Allen, Richard Glen
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