Hierarchies and behavior / Marjorie Grene -- The evolutionary context of social behavior / Niles Eldredge -- Aspects of wholes and parts in population biology / Richard C. Lewontin and Richard Levins -- Notes toward a formal history of the levels concept / Stanley N. Salthe -- Integrative levels : some reflections on a philosophical dimension / Abraham Edel -- Genes and behavior / B.F. Skinner -- Genetic fitness and natural selection : myth or metaphor / Mae-Wan Ho -- Reseeding the commons / Peter H. Klopfer -- Phenotypic plasticity and "genetic" theories of insect sociality / Mary Jane West-Eberhard -- Levels of social behavior / Gary Greenberg -- Levels of complexity in the study of "adaptive" sex ratios / Sarah Blaffer Hrdy -- Behavioral development and colony life cycles in ants / Thomas M. Alloway -- Development and evolution in the nestmate recognition systems of social insects / Robin J. Stuart -- The development of flexibility in the colony organization of harvester ants / Deborah M. Gordon -- What do male monkeys do besides competing? / T.E. Rowell -- Thinking, communicating, and deceiving : means to master the social environment / Carolyn A. Ristau -- Krushinsky's concept of elementary reasoning and its role in the evolution of social behavior / A.F. Semiokhina -- The rise of reproduction : ten propositions / Bill Livant -- Non reproductive aspects of social behavior : comments on the need to investigate / Ethel Tobach