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1st ed |
| Descript |
1 online resource (628 pages) |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdamedia |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Note |
Intro -- Environmental Process Analysis: Principles and Modeling -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introductory Remarks -- 1.1 Perspective -- 1.2 Organization and Objectives -- 1.2.1 Water -- 1.2.2 Concentration Units -- 1.2.3 Chemical Equilibria and the Law of Mass Action -- 1.2.4 Henry's Law -- 1.2.5 Acids and Bases -- 1.2.6 Mixing -- 1.2.7 Reactions in Ideal Reactors -- 1.2.8 Nonideal Reactors -- 1.2.9 Acids and Bases: Advanced Principles -- 1.2.10 Metal Complexation and Solubility -- 1.2.11 Oxidation and Reduction -- 1.3 Approach -- Chapter 2 Water -- 2.1 Perspective -- 2.2 Important Properties of Water -- Chapter 3 Concentration Units for Gases, Liquids, and Solids -- 3.1 Selected Concentration Units -- 3.2 The Ideal Gas Law and Gas Phase Concentration Units -- 3.3 Aqueous Concentration Units -- 3.4 Applications of Volume Fraction Units -- Problems -- Chapter 4 The Law of Mass Action and Chemical Equilibria -- 4.1 Perspective -- 4.2 The Law of Mass Action -- 4.3 Gas/Water Distributions -- 4.4 Acid/Base Systems -- 4.5 Metal Complexation Systems -- 4.6 Water/Solid Systems (Solubility/Dissolution) -- 4.7 Oxidation/Reduction Half Reactions -- Chapter 5 Air/Water Distribution: Henry's Law -- 5.1 Perspective -- 5.2 Henry's Law Constants -- 5.3 Applications of Henry's Law -- Chapter 6 Acid/Base Component Distributions -- 6.1 Perspective -- 6.2 Proton Abundance in Aqueous Solutions: pH and the Ion Product of Water -- 6.3 Acid Dissociation Constants -- 6.4 Mole Accounting Relations -- 6.5 Combination of Mole Balance and Acid/Base Equilibria -- 6.5.1 Monoprotic Acids -- 6.5.2 Diprotic Acids -- 6.5.3 Triprotic and Tetraprotic Acids -- 6.5.4 Abundance (Ionization) Fractions -- 6.6 Alkalinity, Acidity, and the Carbonate System -- 6.6.1 the alkalinity test: carbonate system abundance and speciation -- 6.6.2 Acidity |
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6.7 Applications of Acid/Base Principles in Selected Environmental Contexts -- 6.7.1 Monoprotic Acids -- 6.7.2 Multiprotic Acids -- Chapter 7 Mass Balance, Ideal Reactors, and Mixing -- 7.1 Perspective -- 7.2 The Mass Balance -- 7.3 Residence Time Distribution (RTD) Analyses -- 7.3.1 RTD Experimental Apparatus -- 7.3.2 Tracers -- 7.3.3 Tracer Input Stimuli -- 7.4 Exit Responses for Ideal Reactors -- 7.4.1 The Ideal Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) -- 7.4.2 The Ideal Completely Mixed Flow Reactor (CMFR) -- 7.4.3 The Ideal (Completely Mixed) Batch Reactor (CMBR) -- 7.5 Modeling of Mixing in Ideal CMFRs -- 7.5.1 Zero-Volume Applications -- 7.5.2 Time-Dependent Mixing -- 7.6 Applications of CMFR Mixing Principles in Environmental Systems -- Chapter 8 Reactions in Ideal Reactors -- 8.1 Perspective -- 8.2 Chemical Stoichiometry and Mass/Volume Relations -- 8.2.1 Stoichiometry and Overall Reaction Rates -- 8.2.2 Some Useful Mass, Volume, and Density Relations -- 8.2.3 Applications of Stoichiometry and Bulk Density Relations -- 8.3 Reactions in Ideal Reactors -- 8.3.1 Reaction Rate Laws -- 8.3.2 Reactions in Completely Mixed Batch Reactors -- 8.3.3 Reactions in Plug-Flow Reactors -- 8.3.4 Reactions in Completely Mixed Flow Reactors -- 8.3.5 Unsteady-State Applications of Reactions in Ideal Reactors -- 8.4 Applications of Reactions in Ideal Reactors -- 8.4.1 Batch Reactor Systems -- 8.4.2 Plug-Flow Reactor Systems -- 8.4.3 Completely Mixed Flow Reactor Systems -- 8.4.4 Some Context-Specific Advanced Applications -- 8.5 Interfacial Mass Transfer in Ideal Reactors -- 8.5.1 Convective and Diffusive Flux -- 8.5.2 Mass Transfer Coefficients -- 8.5.3 Some Special Applications of Mass Transfer in Ideal Reactors -- Problems -- Chapter 9 Reactions in Nonideal Reactors -- 9.1 Perspective -- 9.2 Exit Concentration Versus Time Traces -- 9.2.1 Impulse Stimulus |
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9.2.2 Positive Step Stimulus -- 9.3 Residence Time Distribution Density -- 9.3.1 E (t) Curve and Quantitation of Tracer Mass -- 9.3.2 E (t) and E (q) RTD Density Curves -- 9.4 Cumulative Residence Time Distributions -- 9.5 Characterization of RTD Distributions -- 9.5.1 Mean and Variance from RTD Density -- 9.5.2 Mean and Variance from Cumulative RTD -- 9.6 Models for Addressing Longitudinal Dispersion in Reactors -- 9.6.1 CMFRs (Tanks) in Series (TiS) Model -- 9.6.2 Plug-Flow with Dispersion (PFD) Model -- 9.6.3 Segregated Flow ( SF) Model -- 9.7 Modeling Reactions in CMFRs in Series (TiS) Reactors -- 9.7.1 Pseudo-First-Order Reaction Rate Law in TiS Reactors / 280 -- 9.7.2 Saturation Reaction Rate Law with the TiS Model -- 9.8 Modeling Reactions with the Plug-Flow with Dispersion Model -- 9.8.1 Pseudo-First-Order Reaction Rate Law with the PFD Model -- 9.8.2 Saturation Rate Law with the PFD Model -- 9.9 Modeling Reactions Using the Segregated Flow (SF) Model -- 9.10 Applications of Nonideal Reactor Models -- 9.10.1 Translation of RTD Data for Use with Nonideal Models -- 9.10.2 Modeling Pseudo-First-Order Reactions -- 9.10.3 Modeling Saturation-Type Reactions with the TiS and SF Models -- 9.11 Considerations for Analyses of Spatially Variant Processes -- 9.11.1 Internal Concentration Profiles in Real Reactors -- 9.11.2 Oxygen Consumption in PFR -Like Reactors -- 9.12 Modeling Utilization and Growth in PFR -Like Reactors Using TiS and SF -- Chapter 10 Acid-Base Advanced Principles -- 10.1 Perspective -- 10.2 Activity Coefficient -- 10.2.1 Computing Activity Coefficients -- 10.2.2 Activity Coefficient and Law of Mass Action -- 10.3 Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constants -- 10.3.1 Standard State Gibbs Energy of Reaction -- 10.3.2 Temperature Corrections for Equilibrium Constants -- 10.4 Nonideal Conjugate Acid/Conjugate Base Distributions |
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10.5 The Proton Balance (Proton Condition) -- 10.5.1 The Reference Conditions and Species -- 10.5.2 The Proton Balance Equation -- 10.5.3 The Reference and Initial Conditions for the Proton Balance -- 10.6 Analyses of Solutions Prepared by Addition of Acids, Bases, and Salts to Water -- 10.6.1 Additions to Freshly Distilled Water (FDW) -- 10.6.2 Dissolution of a Weak Acid in Water -- 10.6.3 Dissolution of a Basic Salt in Water -- 10.6.4 A Few Words about the Charge Balance -- 10.7 Analysis of Mixed Aqueous Solutions -- 10.7.1 Mixing Computations with Major Ions -- 10.7.2 Final Solution Composition for Mixing of Two or More Solutions -- 10.8 Acid and Base Neutralizing Capacity -- 10.8.1 ANC and BNC of closed systems -- 10.8.2 ANC and BNC of Open Systems -- 10.8.3 ANC and BNC of Semi-Open Systems -- 10.9 Activity Versus Concentration for Nonelectrolytes -- 10.9.1 The Setschenow Equation -- 10.9.2 Definitions of Salt Abundance -- 10.9.3 Activity of Water in Salt Solutions -- Problems -- Chapter 11 Metal Complexation and Solubility -- 11.1 Perspective -- 11.2 Hydration of Metal Ions -- 11.3 Cumulative Formation Constants -- 11.3.1 Deprotonation of Metal/Water Complexes -- 11.3.2 Metal Ion Hydrolysis (Formation) Reactions -- 11.3.3 Cumulative Hydrolysis (Formation) Reactions -- 11.3.4 The Cumulative Formation Constant for Metal/Ligand Complexes -- 11.4 Formation Equilibria for Solids -- 11.5 Speciation of Metals in Aqueous Solutions Containing Ligands -- 11.5.1 Metal Hydroxide Systems -- 11.5.2 Metals with Multiple Ligands -- 11.6 Metal Hydroxide Solubility -- 11.6.1 Solubility in Dilute Solution -- 11.6.2 Solubility in the Presence of Ligands other than Hydroxide -- 11.7 Solubility of Metal Carbonates -- 11.7.1 Calcium Carbonate Solubility -- 11.7.2 Solubility of Metal Carbonates-the Controlling Solid Phase -- 11.7.3 Solubility of Phosphates |
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11.8 Solubility of Other Metal-Ligand Solids -- Problems -- Chapter 12 Oxidation and Reduction -- 12.1 Perspective -- 12.2 Redox Half Reactions -- 12.2.1 Assigning Oxidation States -- 12.2.2 Writing Half Reactions -- 12.2.3 Adding Half Reactions -- 12.2.4 Equilibrium Constants for Redox Half Reactions -- 12.3 The Nernst Equation -- 12.4 Electron Availability in Environmental Systems -- 12.4.1 pE - pH (EH -pH) Predominance Diagrams -- 12.4.2 Effect of pE on Redox Couple Speciation -- 12.4.3 Determining System pE -- 12.4.4 Speciation Using Electron Availability -- Problems -- Appendices -- References -- Index |
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Enables readers to apply core principles of environmental engineering to analyze environmental systems Environmental Process Analysis takes a unique approach, applying mathematical and numerical process modeling within the context of both natural and engineered environmental systems. Readers master core principles of natural and engineering science such as chemical equilibria, reaction kinetics, ideal and non-ideal reactor theory, and mass accounting by performing practical real-world analyses. As they progress through the text, readers will have the opportunity to analyze a broad range of environmental processes and systems, including water and wastewater treatment, surface mining, agriculture, landfills, subsurface saturated and unsaturated porous media, aqueous and marine sediments, surface waters, and atmospheric moisture. The text begins with an examination of water, core definitions, and a review of important chemical principles. It then progressively builds upon this base with applications of Henry's law, acid/base equilibria, and reactions in ideal reactors. Finally, the text addresses reactions in non-ideal reactors and advanced applications of acid/base equilibria, complexation and solubility/dissolution equilibria, and oxidation/reduction equilibria. Several tools are provided to fully engage readers in mastering new concepts and then applying them in practice, including: Detailed examples that demonstrate the application of concepts and principles Problems at the end of each chapter challenging readers to apply their newfound knowledge to analyze environmental processes and systems MathCAD worksheets that provide a powerful platform for constructing process models Environmental Process Analysis serves as a bridge between introductory environmental engineering textbooks and hands-on environmental engineering practice. By learning how |
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to mathematically and numerically model environmental processes and systems, readers will also come to better understand the underlying connections among the various models, concepts, and systems |
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Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2020. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries |
| Link |
Print version: Mott, Henry V. Environmental Process Analysis : Principles and Modeling
Somerset : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2013 9781118115015
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| Subject |
Environmental chemistry.;Chemical processes
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Electronic books
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