| Edition |
1st ed |
| Descript |
1 online resource (404 pages) |
|
text txt rdacontent |
|
computer c rdamedia |
|
online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Series |
Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development Ser. ; v.17 |
|
Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development Ser
|
| Note |
Intro -- Contents -- Series Editor's Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Table of International Instruments -- Introduction -- I. Enforcement Deficit in Environmental Law -- II. Global Environmental Governance and Sustainable Development -- III. Proliferation of International Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Institutions -- IV. Deliberation and Democratic Global Governance -- V. Structure of the Analysis -- Chapter 1 ENGOs, Environmental Problems, International Law, and Politics -- I. ENGOs and Environmental Problems -- II. ENGOs in International Political Commitments -- A. Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 -- B. Malmö Ministerial Declaration -- C. UNEP Montevideo Programmes -- D. Aarhus Convention and Almaty Guidelines -- III. Relevance, Definition, and Legal Status of NGOs in International Law -- A. Relevance of NGOs in the International Arena -- B. Definition of NGOs under International Law -- C. Legal Status of NGOs under International Law -- 1. Legal Personality -- 2. Rights and Duties -- IV. Legitimacy and Accountability -- V. Conclusions -- Chapter 2 Multilevel Enforcement of International Environmental Law -- I. International Environmental Law -- A. Sources -- B. Addressees and Content of MEAs -- II. National Courts-Germany and the United States -- A. Germany -- B. United States -- C. Opportunities and Constraints -- 1. Gaps in Judicial Control in Germany -- 2. Gaps in Judicial Control in the United States -- III. European Court of Justice -- A. Mixed Multilateral Environmental Agreements -- B. ECJ and International Environmental Law -- C. Access to the European Court of Justice -- 1. Procedures -- 2. Statistics -- 3. Environmental NGOs at the ECJ -- D. Environmental Case Law -- 1. Application of MEAs and Legislation Implementing MEAs -- 2. ECJ on Competing Jurisdictions -- E. Opportunities and Constraints |
|
IV. International Courts, Arbitral Tribunals, and Compliance Committees -- A. Cases for the International Level -- B. Judicial Dispute Settlement, Arbitration, and Compliance Control -- 1. Judicial Dispute Settlement -- 2. Arbitration -- 3. Compliance Control -- C. Relationship between Dispute Settlement and Compliance Control -- D. Compliance, Implementation, Enforcement, and Effectiveness -- E. Multilevel and Cross-Fragment Relations -- V. Conclusions -- Chapter 3 Regional International Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Bodies -- I. Judicial Dispute Settlement-Regional Human Rights Courts -- A. Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and Institutional Arrangements -- 1. European Court of Human Rights -- 2. Inter-American Court of Human Rights -- 3. African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights -- B. Access to the Human Rights Courts -- 1. European Court of Human Rights -- 2. Inter-American Court of Human Rights -- 3. African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights -- C. Environmental Case Law -- 1. European Court of Human Rights -- 2. Inter-American Court and Commission of Human Rights -- 3. African Court and Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights -- D. Evaluation -- 1. Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and Institutional Arrangements -- 2. Access -- 3. Environmental Case Law -- a. European Court of Human Rights -- b. Inter-American Court and Commission of Human Rights -- c. African Court and Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights -- E. Conclusions and Recommendations -- II. Arbitration -- A. North American Free Trade Agreement -- B. Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement -- III. Compliance Committee of the Aarhus Convention -- A. Function and Scope of Review -- B. Institutional Arrangements -- C. Access -- D. Compliance Issues -- 1. Green Salvation-Environmental Information-Kazakhstan -- 2. ClientEarth and Others-Costs of Access to Justice-UK |
|
3. ClientEarth-Standing for NGOs at ECJ-EU -- Е. Evaluation -- 1. Function and Scope of Review -- 2. Institutional Arrangements -- 3. Excursion: Compliance Review and Synergies under Global MEAs -- 4. Access -- 5. Compliance Issues -- F. Conclusions and Recommendations -- IV. Other Compliance Review Bodies -- A. National Contact Points under OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises -- 1. Scope of Review and Institutional Arrangements -- 2. Access -- 3. Environmental Cases -- a. Oxfam Canada vs. First Quantum Mining -- b. Survival International vs. Vedanta Resources plc -- c. Climate Change Cases -- 4. Evaluation -- 5. Conclusion and Recommendations -- B. Commission for Environmental Cooperation under NAAEC -- V. Conclusions -- Chapter 4 Universal International Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Bodies -- I. Judicial Dispute Settlement -- A. International Court of Justice -- 1. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law -- 2. Institutional Arrangements -- 3. Access to the Court -- a. No Access to Contentious Cases -- b. Limited Access to Advisory Proceedings -- c. INGOs in Practice Direction -- d. Indirect Access -- 4. Environmental Case Law -- a. Corfu Channel and Barcelona Traction -- b. Nuclear Tests -- c. Nuclear Weapons -- d. Gabcikovo-Nagymaros -- e. Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay -- f. Herbicide Spraying and Whaling -- 5. Evaluation -- a. Jurisdiction and Institutional Arrangements -- b. Access -- c. Environmental Case Law -- 6. Conclusions and Recommendations -- B. WTO Dispute Settlement System -- 1. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law -- 2. Institutional Arrangements -- 3. Access -- a. No Direct Access -- b. Amici Curiae -- c. Experts -- 4. Environmental Case Law -- a. Tuna-Dolphin -- b. Reformulated Gasoline -- c. Beef Hormones -- d. Asbestos -- e. Shrimp-Turtle -- f. Biotech Products -- g. Seal Products -- 5. Evaluation -- a. Legitimacy |
|
b. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law -- i. WTO Cases and Conflict between Substantive Applicable Law -- ii. Interpretation of WTO Law -- c. Institutional Arrangements -- d. Access -- i. Direct Access -- ii. Amici Curiae -- iii. Experts -- e. Environmental Case Law -- i. Article XX GATT and Chapeau -- ii. Risk Assessment -- 6. Conclusions and Recommendations -- a. Accountability and NGO Participation -- b. Balance Trade and Environmental Protection Interests -- c. Widen NGO Access -- C. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea -- 1. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law -- 2. Institutional Arrangements -- 3. Access to the ITLOS -- a. Direct Access for Intergovernmental Organizations -- b. Direct Access for Non-State Entities -- c. Amici Curiae -- d. Experts -- 4. Environmental Case Law -- a. Prompt Release and IUU Fishing -- b. Provisional Measures to Protect the Marine Environment -- c. Activities in the International Seabed Area -- i. Background -- ii. Procedure and Participation -- iii. Advisory Opinion -- 5. Evaluation -- a. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law -- b. Institutional Arrangements and Access to the Tribunal -- c. Environmental Case Law -- 6. Conclusions and Recommendations -- II. Arbitration -- A. Permanent Court of Arbitration -- 1. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law -- 2. Environmental Rules -- 3. Access -- 4. Environmental Case Law -- 5. Evaluation -- a. Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and Environmental Rules -- b. Access -- c. Environmental Case Law -- 6. Conclusions and Recommendations -- B. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes -- 1. Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and Special Rules -- 2. Access -- a. Private Investors and States -- b. Amici Curiae in ICSID Case Law -- c. Amici Curiae in ICSID Arbitration Rules -- 3. Environmental Case Law -- a. Metalclad/Mexico -- b. Tecmed/Mexico -- c. Biwater/Tanzania |
|
d. Vattenfall/Germany -- 4. Evaluation -- a. Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and Special Rules -- b. Access -- c. Environmental Case Law -- i. Metalclad and Tecmed/Mexico -- ii. Vattenfall/Germany -- 5. Conclusions and Recommendations -- C. International Court of Environmental Arbitration and Conciliation -- III. Compliance Committee of the Kyoto Protocol -- A. Function and Scope of Review -- B. Institutional Arrangements -- C. Access -- D. Questions of Implementation -- 1. Facilitative Branch -- 2. Enforcement Branch -- a. Greece -- b. Canada -- c. Croatia -- E. Evaluation -- 1. Function and Scope of Review -- 2. Institutional Arrangements -- 3. Access -- 4. Questions of Implementation -- F. Conclusions and Recommendations -- IV. A New World Environment Court -- A. Lack of Political Will -- B. Initiatives for an International Environmental Court -- 1. International Court of the Environment Foundation (ICEF) -- 2. International Court for the Environment (ICE) Coalition -- 3. UNU/IAS Report on International Sustainable Development Governance -- 4. Climate Legacy Initiative of Vermont Law School -- C. The Case for a New World Environment Court -- 1. Need for a World Environment Court -- 2. Forum Shopping and Fragmentation -- 3. Legitimacy -- D. Evaluation and the Author's Own Proposals -- 1. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law -- 2. Institutional Arrangements -- a. PCA and ICEAC -- b. Environmental Chamber of the ICJ -- c. International Court for the Environment -- d. World Environment Organization and World Environment Court -- e. Role of Compliance Committees under MEAs -- 3. Access -- a. Advisory Opinions -- b. Direct Actions -- c. Infringement, Preliminary Ruling, and Enforcement Procedure -- d. Amici Curiae, Experts, and Transparency -- 4. Consequences and Remedies -- E. Conclusions -- V. Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Conclusions and Theses |
|
I. Environmental NGOs as High Potentials |
|
Greening International Jurisprudence: Environmental NGOs before International Courts, Tribunals, and Compliance Committees examines how international judicial and quasi-judicial bodies enforce international environmental law, with particular consideration to the role of environmental NGOs. Author Cathrin Zengerling analyses the institutional structure as well as the environmental case law from a total of fourteen international courts, arbitral tribunals, and compliance committees with special focus on accessibility, comprehensiveness, and transparency. Underlying this analysis is the fundamental question of whether the respective body appropriately contributes to the realization of democratic governance for sustainable development. After presenting her core findings, the author provides concrete recommendations for future best practices and discusses the need for a new World Environment Court |
|
Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
|
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2020. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries |
| Link |
Print version: Zengerling, Cathrin Greening International Jurisprudence : Environmental Ngos Before International Courts, Tribunals, and Compliance Committees
Leiden : BRILL,c2013 9789004257306
|
| Subject |
Environmental law, International.;International courts
|
|
Electronic books
|
|
