Development and backwardness : the social origins of East European politics -- Capitalism or rural socialism? : the dilemmas of renewal in Russia and the Balkans -- The "peasant state" : ideology and politics of agrarian movements in Central-Eastern Europe between the two world wars -- Communism and the "third peasant way" : competing internationals and development models in the USSR and central-eastern europe -- Market socialism, national roads to socialism and competition with the West -- Between "otherness" and globalisation : "real socialism", modernity and Gorbachev -- Conclusion: the challenges of modernity and post-modernity -- Bibliography -- Index of names