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040 MiAaPQ|beng|erda|epn|cMiAaPQ|dMiAaPQ
050 4 PK116 -- .I53 2007eb
082 0 491.1
100 1 Jain, Danesh
245 14 The Indo-Aryan Languages
250 1st ed
264 1 Florence :|bTaylor & Francis Group,|c2003
264 4 |c©2004
300 1 online resource (1086 pages)
336 text|btxt|2rdacontent
337 computer|bc|2rdamedia
338 online resource|bcr|2rdacarrier
490 1 RoutledgeCurzon Language Family
505 0 Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents --
Preface -- Preface to the paperback edition -- General
abbreviations -- List of maps -- 1.1 Indo-Aryan Languages
in the South Asian subcontinent -- 1.2 Dardic and
Nuristani -- 5.1 Location of Aśokan inscriptions -- 14.1
Bhojpuri speech area -- 16.1 The Panjabi area -- List of
figures -- 1.1 Indo-Aryan mother tongue speakers in South
Asia (in millions) -- 1.2 The surrounding language
families of Indo-Aryan and the development of features in
Indo-Aryan languages -- 2.1 Multilingualism across
language families in three districts of India -- 2.2
Multilingualism in India (percentage of trilinguals and
bilinguals in 1991) -- 3.1 Example of script developments
from Brahml to the modern scripts: the consonant la --
10.1 Vectors and the temporal-causal structure of main
verbs -- 10.2 The polysemic variation of vector verbs --
List of contributors -- 1 General introduction -- 1 The
Indo-Aryan languages -- 1.1 General -- 1.2 Multilingualism
across language families -- 1.3 Stages of Indo-Aryan --
1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.3.2 Major characteristics of
different stages -- 1.3.2.1 Old Indo-Aryan -- 1.3.2.2
Middle Indo-Aryan -- 1.4 Subgroups of Indo-Aryan languages
-- 2 Other relations -- 2.1 Relations with Indo-European
Languages -- 2.1.1 Indo-Iranian -- 2.1.2 Nuristani --
2.1.3 Bangani -- 2.2 Relations to non-Indo-European
languages -- 2.2.1 General -- 2.2.2 Speech varieties as
viewed in Sanskrit sources -- 2.2.3 Modern views --
2.2.3.1 Retroflex and dental consonants -- 2.2.3.2 Other
features -- 2.2.3.3 Conclusions -- 3 The homeland question
-- Acknowledgements -- References -- 1.1 Mother tongue
speakers of Indo-Aryan and other language families in
South Asia -- 1.2 Mother tongue speakers of five language
families in South Asia, 1991
505 8 1.3 Reflexes of PIE *k̂, ĝ, ĝh, kw, gw, gwh in Indo-Aryan
, Iranian and Nuristani -- 1.1 Indo-Aryan mother tongue
speakers in South Asia (in millions) -- 1.2 The
surrounding language families of Indo-Aryan and the
development of features in Indo-Aryan languages -- 1.1
Indo-Aryan Languages in the South Asian subcontinent --
1.2 Dardic and Nuristani -- 2 Sociolinguistics of the Indo
-Aryan languages -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Linguistic
diversity -- 2 The study of language use -- 2.1 Language
use in Old Indo-Aryan -- 2.2 Language use in Middle Indo-
Aryan -- 3 The role and use of script -- 3.1 One script,
many languages -- 3.2 Many scripts, one language -- 4
Multilingualism -- 4.1 Multilingualism across language
families -- 4.2 Trilingualism and bilingualism -- 4.3
Language maintenance and language shift -- 5 Hindi and
Urdu -- 5.1 Urdu and Muslims -- 6 Language use in Delhi
courts -- 6.1 Vocabulary -- 7 Language planning -- 7.1 New
coinages in Hindi -- 8 Census as a language database -- 9
An ethnography of speaking -- 9.1 Pronominal usage -- 9.2
A plea for ap-o -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Further
reading -- 2.1 The use of Māgadhī in Sanskrit drama (after
Bhattacharya 1993: 27-54) -- 2.2 Religions and IA
languages usually associated with their canonical
literature -- 2.3 Scripts used for writing Panjabi and
their usual religious association -- 2.4 Multilingualism
within and across language families in three districts of
India. Census of India 1981 -- 2.5 The use of the word
court and its equivalents in Delhi's courts -- 2.6 A
change in the distribution of features of Hindi aiyo and
ao -- 2.1 Multilingualism across language families in
three districts of India -- 2.2 Multilingualism in India
(percentage of trilinguals and bilinguals in 1991) -- 3
Writing systems of the Indo-Aryan languages
505 8 1 General overview: scripts used for the Indo-Aryan
languages -- 1.1 Scripts of the NIA languages -- 1.2
Scripts of the OIA and MIA languages -- 1.3 Systemic
features of the Brāhmī-derived scripts -- 1.4 Overview of
the history and family relationship of the Brāhmī-derived
scripts -- 1.5 Cultural and historical factors underlying
script developments -- 1.5.1 The status of written vis-à-
vis oral language -- 1.5.2 Problems of standardization and
nomenclature of scripts -- 1.6 Sources for the historical
study of the Indian scripts -- 2 The scripts used for the
major modern IA languages -- 2.1 Nagari (Devanagari)
script -- 2.1.1 Nagari for Sanskrit (table 3.1) -- 2.1.2
Nagari for Hindi -- 2.1.3 Nagari for Marathi -- 2.1.4
Nagari for Nepali -- 2.2 Gujarati script (table 3.2) --
2.3 Bangla (Bengali) script (table 3.2) -- 2.4 Oriya
script (table 3.2) -- 2.5 Gurmukhi script (table 3.2) --
2.6 Sinhala script (table 3.2) -- 3 The origins and early
history of the Indic scripts -- 3.1 Brāhmī script (table
3.3) -- 3.1.1 The antiquity of Brāhmī script -- 3.1.2 The
origin of Brāhmī script -- 3.1.3 Brāhmī script and the IA
languages -- 3.2 Kharoṣṭhī script (table 3.4) -- 3.2.1
Systemic characteristics of Kharoṣṭhī -- 3.2.2
Geographical and chronological range of Kharoṣṭhī -- 3.2.3
Origin and antiquity of Kharoṣṭhī -- 3.2.4 The Kharoṣṭhī
script and the Gāndhārī language -- 3.2.5 Historical
development of Kharoṣṭhī -- 4 The historical development
of Brāhmī and its derivatives (figure 3.1) -- 4.1 General
patterns and principles -- 4.2 Early developments: the
first local variants (second to first centuries BC) -- 4.3
The Middle Brāhmī period (first to third centuries AD) --
4.4 The late Brāhmī period (fourth to sixth centuries AD)
-- 4.5 The transitional scripts (seventh to tenth
centuries AD) -- 4.6 The emergence of the modern scripts
505 8 5 Non-Indian scripts used for IA languages -- 5.1 Perso-
Arabic scripts -- 5.2 Roman script -- Acknowledgement --
References -- Further reading -- 3.1 Nagari script as used
for Sanskrit -- 3.2 The major scripts used for NIA
languages -- 3.3 Early Brāhmī script (normalized forms
from Aśokan and other early inscriptions, third century
BC) -- 3.4 Kharoṣṭhī script (representative manuscript
forms of the middle period, c. first century AD) -- 3.1
Example of script developments from Brāhmī to the modern
scripts: the consonant la -- 4 Sanskrit -- 1 Introduction
-- 2 Phonetics and phonology -- 2.1 Phonological system --
2.2 Vowels -- 2.3 Consonants -- 2.4 Inventory and
arrangement of sounds -- 2.5 Phonological rules -- 2.5.1
General -- 2.5.2 Consonants -- 2.5.3 Tone sandhi -- 2.5.4
Grammatically determined adjustments -- 3 Grammar -- 3.1
Verb system -- 3.1.1 Introduction -- 3.1.2 Endings --
3.1.3 Tense forms -- 3.1.3.1 Present stems -- 3.1.3.2
Preterit classes -- 3.1.3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.1.3.2.2
Imperfect -- 3.1.3.2.3 Aorist -- 3.1.3.2.3a Sigmatic
aorist -- 3.1.3.2.3b Root aorist -- 3.1.3.2.3c Thematic
aorist -- 3.1.3.2.3d Reduplicated aorist -- 3.1.3.2.4
Perfect -- 3.1.3.3 Future -- 3.1.4 Non-indicative forms --
3.1.4.1 Imperative -- 3.1.4.2 Optative and precative --
3.1.4.3 Conditional -- 3.1.5 Nominal forms associated with
the verb system -- 3.1.6 Derived verbs -- 3.1.6.1
Causatives -- 3.1.6.2 Desideratives -- 3.1.6.3 Intensives
-- 3.1.6.4 Denominatives -- 3.1.7 Dialectal and historical
differences -- 3.2 Nominal system -- 3.2.1 Introduction --
3.2.2 Case system, stems, and endings -- 3.2.2.1 Case
distinctions -- 3.2.2.2 Nominal stem alternation --
3.2.2.3 Pronominal stem alternation -- 3.2.2.4
Distribution of endings -- 3.2.3 Number words -- 3.2.4
Derived nominals -- 3.2.4.1 Primary derivates from verbal
bases -- 3.2.4.2 Derivates with taddhita affixes
505 8 3.2.4.3 Compounds -- 3.2.5 Gender marking -- 3.3 Aspects
of syntax -- 4 Script -- Acknowledgement -- References --
Further reading -- 4.1 Primary and secondary verb endings
-- 4.2 Optative forms -- 4.3 Nominal forms -- 4.4
Devanāgarī symbols -- 5 Aśokan Prakrit and Pāli -- 1
Introduction -- 1.1 The Middle Indo-Aryan languages -- 1.2
Aśokan Prakrit -- 1.3 Pāli -- 1.4 The Theravāda texts -- 2
Phonology -- 2.1 The sound system -- 2.2 Vowels -- 2.2.1
The system of vowels -- 2.2.2 The law of mora -- 2.2.3
Word-final vowels -- 2.2.4 Assimilation and dissimilation
of vowels -- 2.2.5 Colouring of vowels -- 2.2.6 Changing
vowel quantity/quality in foreign words -- 2.2.7
Contraction of vowels -- 2.2.8 Anaptyctic vowels -- 2.2.9
Prothetic vowels -- 2.2.10 Saṁprasāraṇa -- 2.2.11 Changing
vowel quantity/quality due to analogy etc. -- 2.2.12
Vṛddhi of primary and secondary a, i and u -- 2.2.13
Shortening and lengthening of vowels at the boundary of
compounds -- 2.3 Consonants -- 2.3.1 The system of
consonants -- 2.3.2 Consonantal sound change -- 2.3.3
Development of OIA word-initial consonants -- 2.3.4
Assimilation of OIA consonant clusters -- 2.3.5 Retention/
restoration of (OIA) consonant clusters -- 2.3.6 Peculiar
assimilation of OIA consonant clusters -- 2.3.7
Assimilation of clusters of three consonants -- 2.3.8
Assimilation of consonant clusters at the boundaries of
compounds -- 2.3.9 Deaspiration of CCh-clusters -- 2.3.10
Irregular sound changes -- 2.4 Sandhi -- 2.4.1 Vocalic
sandhi -- 2.4.2 Consonantal sandhi -- 2.4.3 Bridging of
hiatus -- 2.4.4 Lengthening of -aṁ before an enclitic --
2.4.5 Dropping of initial vowels in sandhi -- 3 Morphology
-- 3.1 The noun -- 3.2 Paradigms -- 3.2.1 a-inflexion --
3.2.2 ā-inflexion -- 3.2.3 i/u-inflexion -- 3.2.4 ī/ū-
inflexion -- 3.2.5 Consonantal inflexion -- 3.2.6
Inflexion of sakha-lsakha(r)- 'friend'
505 8 3.2.7 i/(n)-inflexion
520 The Indo-Aryan languages are spoken by at least 700
million people throughout India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Maldive Islands. They have a
claim to great antiquity, with the earliest Vedic Sanskrit
texts dating to the end of the second millennium B.C. With
texts in Old Indo-Aryan, Middle Indo-Aryan and Modern Indo
-Aryan, this language family supplies a historical
documentation of language change over a longer period than
any other subgroup of Indo-European. This volume is
divided into two main sections dealing with general
matters and individual languages. Each chapter on the
individual language covers the phonology and grammar
(morphology and syntax) of the language and its writing
system, and gives the historical background and
information concerning the geography of the language and
the number of its speakers
588 Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other
sources
590 Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
Ebook Central, 2020. Available via World Wide Web. Access
may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated
libraries
650 0 Indo-Aryan languages.;South Asia -- Languages
655 4 Electronic books
700 1 Cardona, George
776 08 |iPrint version:|aJain, Danesh|tThe Indo-Aryan Languages
|dFlorence : Taylor & Francis Group,c2003|z9780700711307
830 0 RoutledgeCurzon Language Family
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