| 說明 |
1 online resource (428 pages) |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdamedia |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| 附註 |
Cover -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- Table of Statutes -- Preface -- 1 Economic and legal foundations of EU competition law -- A. The idea of competition -- 1. The benefits of competition -- 2. The economic principles of competition -- 3. The benchmark of perfect competition -- 4. Monopoly - the other extreme -- 5. Oligopolistic competition -- 5.1 Cournot competition -- 5.2 bertrand competition -- 5.3 Oligopolistic competition vs cartel behaviour -- 6. The competitive underlying EU competition law and the concept of effective competition -- 7. The limitations of the market mechanism -- 7.1 Externalities -- 7.2 Asymmetric information -- 7.3 Public goods -- B. The legal foundations of EU competition law -- 1. The goal of competitive markets -- 2. The goal of market integration -- 3. Sources of EU competition law -- 3.1 Primary legislation -- 3.2 Secondary legislation -- 4. The charter of fundamental rights of the european union and the european convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms -- 5. Scope of application of EU competition law -- 5.1 Possible conflicts between the aim of competition and other objectives of the EU -- 5.2 Exclusion from the scope of competition law -- 5.2.1 Exclusion by legislation -- a) Agriculture -- b) Defence industry -- c) Certain elements of the traffic sector -- 5.2.2 Exclusion by jurisprudence -- 5.3 Influence of other considerations on assessment under the competition rules -- 6. International applicability -- 7. The relationship between and national competition law -- 7.1 General relationship between EU and national law -- 7.1.1 Direct effect -- 7.1.2 Supremacy (priority of application) -- 7.2 Relationship between EU and national competition law -- 8. Enforcement -- 8.1 Institutions involved in the enforcement of EU competition law -- 8.1.1 The Commission |
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8.1.2 The Advisory Committee on Restrictive Agreements and Dominant Position -- 8.1.3 The Hearing Officer -- 8.1.4 The European Ombudsman -- 8.1.5 The Court of Justice of the European Union -- 8.1.6 National competition authorities -- 8.1.7 National courts -- 8.2 Coordination of enforcement of EU competition law between EU and Member State institutions -- 8.2.1 Principle of sincere cooperation -- 8.2.2 Regulation 1/2003 -- a) Cooperation between the Commission and national competition authorities -- b) Cooperation between the Commission and national courts -- c) Coordination between institutions of the Member States -- Questions on Chapter 1 -- Suggested essay topics -- 2 Key concepts of Article 101 TFEU -- 1. The scheme of article 101 TFEU -- 1.1 The prohibition - Article 101(1) TFEU -- 1.2 Nullity - Article 101(2) TFEU -- 1.3 Legal exemption - Article 101(3) TFEU -- 1.4 Interpretation -- 2. Undertaking -- 2.1 Economic activity -- 2.1.1 General -- 2.1.2 Functional approach -- 2.1.3 Scope of application -- 2.2 Non-economic activities -- 2.2.1 Activities by entities fulfilling social functions -- a) Application of the principle of solidarity -- b) State supervision -- 2.2.2 Exercise of public powers -- 2.2.3 Public procurement -- 2.3 The 'single economic entity' doctrine -- 2.3.1 Presumption of a single undertaking -- 2.3.2 Other cases -- 2.4 Principal/agent relationship -- 3. Agreements, decisions and concerted practices -- 3.1 Agreements -- 3.1.1 Concept of a 'single, overall agreement' -- 3.1.2 Unilateral conduct -- 3.1.3 State measures -- 3.2 Decisions by associations of undertakings -- 3.2.1 Association -- 3.2.2 Decision -- 3.3 Concerted practices -- 3.3.1 Legal test -- a) Mental consensus -- b) Direct/indirect contact between the parties -- c) Substitution of competition by cooperation |
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d) Causal link between mental consensus and concerted practice -- 3.3.2 Anticompetitive effects of a concerted practice -- 3.3.3 Burden of proof -- 4. The object or effect of preventing, restricting or distorting competition -- 4.1 Restriction of competition -- 4.2 Object or effect -- 4.3 Object -- 4.4 Effects -- 4.4.1 Extensive market analysis -- 4.4.2 Analysis of the counterfactual situation -- 4.4.3 Relevant material factors -- 4.4.4 Effects on actual and potential competitors -- 4.4.5 Networks of agreements -- 4.4.6 Ancillary commercial restrictions -- 4.4.7 Regulatory restraints -- 4.4.8 Rule of reason -- 5. The examples of collusion listed in Article 101(1) TFEU -- 5.1 Direct or indirect fixing of purchase or selling prices or other trading conditions -- 5.2 Limiting or controlling production, markets, technical development, investment -- 5.3 Sharing markets or sources of supply -- 5.4 Applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions -- 5.5 Tying of contracts -- 6. Effect on trade between Member States -- 6.1 Concept of 'trade' -- 6.2 'Effect on trade' -- 6.3 Concept of appreciability -- 7. De minimis doctrine -- 8. Article 101(2) TFEU - nullity of the agreement -- 8.1 General principles -- 8.1.1 Ex lege effect -- 8.1.2 Ex tunc effect -- 8.1.3 Erga omnes effect -- 8.2 Severance -- 9. Article 101(3) TFEU - legal exception -- 9.1 General -- 9.1.1 Purpose of the provision -- 9.1.2 Legal nature -- 9.1.3 Scope of application -- 9.1.4 Burden of proof -- 9.1.5 Purpose and nature of block exemptions -- 9.2 Application of Article 101(3) TFEU -- 9.2.1 First condition - efficiency gains -- a) Cost efficiencies -- b) Qualitative efficiencies -- 9.2.2 Second condition - fair share for consumers -- 9.2.3 Third condition - indispensability of restrictions -- 9.2.4 Fourth condition - no elimination of competition in a substantial part of the market |
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Questions on Chapter 2 -- Suggested essay topics -- 3 Possibilities for cooperation under Article 101 TFEU -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Horizontal agreements -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 Actual and potential competitors -- 2.3 Types of cooperation -- 2.4 Form of cooperation -- 2.5 Legal framework -- 2.6 General approach by the Union courts -- 2.7 US approach to horizontal agreements -- 3. Information exchange -- 3.1 Definition -- 3.2 Restrictive effects on competition -- 3.3 Potential efficiency gains -- 4. R&D Agreements -- 4.1 Definition -- 4.2 Specificities of market definition in the R&D context -- 4.3 Main competition concerns raised by R&D agreements -- 4.4 R&D agreements not restricting competition -- 4.5 Conditions for exemption under Article 101(3) TFEU -- 4.6 Duration of the agreement and market share threshold -- 4.7 Agreements not covered by the exemption -- 4.8 Restrictions excluded from exemption -- 4.9 US approach -- 5. Specialisation agreements -- 5.1 Extended scope of the exemption -- 5.2 Market share threshold -- 5.3 Agreements not covered by the exemption -- 6. Production agreements -- 7. Purchasing agreements -- 8. Commercialisation agreements -- 9. Standardisation agreements -- 10. Vertical agreements -- 10.1 General pattern of the Vertical Block Exemption -- 10.2 Scope -- 10.3 The market share cap -- 10.4 Resale price maintenance -- 10.5 Exclusive distribution -- 10.6 Selective distribution -- 10.7 Non-compete obligations -- 10.8 E-commerce -- 10.9 Agency agreements -- 10.10 Withdrawal of the exemption -- 10.11 US policy -- 11. Technology transfer agreements -- 11.1 Scope -- 11.2 Market share thresholds -- 11.3 Hardcore restrictions -- 11.3.1 Agreements between competitors -- a) Restrictions on the price set for the sale of products to third parties -- b) Output limitation -- c) Allocation of markets or customers |
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d) Restrictions on use and development of technology between competing undertakings -- 11.3.2 Agreements between non-competitors -- a) Price restrictions -- b) Restrictions with regard to territory or customers -- c) Restrictions of active or passive sales to end-users by members of a selective distribution system -- 11.4 Excluded restrictions -- 11.5 Withdrawal of the block exemption -- 11.6 US approach -- 11.7 Settlements in licensing disputes -- Questions on Chapter 3 -- Suggested essay topics -- 4 Article 102 TFEU - abuse of a dominant position -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Elements of Article 102 TFEU -- 3. Undertaking -- 3.1 Non-application of the 'single economic entity' doctrine -- 3.2 Exceptions for undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest and revenue-producing monopolies (Article 106(2) TFEU) -- 4. Effects on inter-state trade -- 5. Dominant position -- 5.1 Four concepts of market power -- 5.2 Indicators of dominance as established by the European courts -- 5.3 Market position of the undertaking - market share -- 5.4 Barriers to entry and expansion -- 5.5 Countervailing buyer power -- 5.6 Super-dominance -- 5.7 Application of Article 102 TFEU to small undertakings -- 5.8 Collective dominance -- 6. Substantial part of the internal market -- 7. Concept of abuse -- 8. Defences -- 8.1 Meeting competition defence -- 8.2 Efficiency defence -- 8.3 Objective justification -- 9. Exploitative abuses -- 9.1 Excessive pricing -- 9.2 Unfair trading conditions -- 10. Exclusionary abuses -- 10.1 Tying and bundling -- 10.1.1 Definitions -- 10.1.2 Legal test -- 10.2 Rebates -- 10.2.1 Loyalty-inducing rebates -- 10.2.2 Target rebates -- 10.2.3 Permissible rebates -- 10.3 Predatory pricing -- 10.4 Interaction of jurisprudence on rebates and on predatory pricing -- 10.5 Refusal to supply |
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10.6 Refusal to grant a licence for an intellectual property right |
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Succinct and concise, this introduction covers all key procedural and substantive aspects of EU competition law |
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Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2020. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries |
| 鏈接 |
Print version: Lorenz, Moritz An Introduction to EU Competition Law
New York : Cambridge University Press,c2013 9781107018174
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| 主題 |
Antitrust law -- European Union countries.;Restraint of trade -- European Union countries
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Electronic books
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